My experience is a little different, and probably reflects what other commentators have stated - that tyre and wheel factors count for more than frame material.
I did have a full carbon frame bike for a few years - but eventually sold it because I found it rather harsh on the c#appy road surface descents in my area - northern NSW.
This was a “Team Discovery” Trek Road bike, basically very similar to what Lance was riding in the early 2000’s.
I suspect its harsh ride was partly due to its STRAIGHT FORKS.
And it had very limited tyre clearance so would fit nothing bigger than 23mm tyres.
(OK, some brands of 25mm tyres would just fit)
I found that my aluminium bike (Taiwan made) was more comfortable on course road surfaces while descending - but bear in mind it has carbon forks with a traditional slightly curved rake.
(This aluminium bike also has enough clearance for a 25mm tyre at the front)
The other day I did an iconic ride in southern Qld - Canungra up to O’Reilly’s and back.
It has long but mostly gradual descent - about 20 km.
One of the riders in our group had a very flashy new carbon frame Road bike.
I caught him and passed him on the descent which was very surprising because he has a reputation of being a fast descender - which I am not.
He told me at the bottom of the descent that he had been struggling with the “c#appy road surface”. My Aluminium bike seemed to handle it better than his carbon bike.
But again it could have been just because I might have been running lower tyre pressures …